Holstein Friesian cow with mastitis and septic arthritis

Holstein Friesian cow being treated segmentally for the pain of mastitis and pain associated with a septic joint. In this case the sacral area was swabbed and cleaned and more local areas avoided because they were too difficult to clean and the risks involved with needling outweighed any possible benefit. The needles used were 50 x 0.30mm Seirin needles with guide tube. Needling direction was down towards the sacrum in a very poorly muscled animal.